See bardus on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "bardo"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ett",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Etruscan",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown, thought to be a loanword, perhaps from Etruscan. Compare bārō (“dunce, lout”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "barda",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "bardum",
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "bardior",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "bardus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "barda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bardum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bardī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bardae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "barda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bardī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bardae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bardī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bardōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bardārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bardōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bardō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bardae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bardō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bardīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bardum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bardam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bardum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bardōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bardās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "barda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bardō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bardā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bardō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bardīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "barde",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "barda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bardum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bardī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bardae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "barda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bardus",
"comp": "bardior"
},
"expansion": "bardus (feminine barda, neuter bardum, comparative bardior); first/second-declension adjective",
"name": "la-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bardus"
},
"name": "la-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 40 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "combardus"
}
],
"glosses": [
"stupid, oafish, dull of apprehension"
],
"id": "en-bardus-la-adj-8S3T5Bsb",
"links": [
[
"stupid",
"stupid#English"
],
[
"oafish",
"oafish#English"
],
[
"dull",
"dull#English"
],
[
"apprehension",
"apprehension#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) stupid, oafish, dull of apprehension"
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"declension-1",
"declension-2",
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈbar.dʊs]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈbar.dus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "bardus"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "bardo"
},
{
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "bardi"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Barde"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "barde"
},
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "bardo"
},
{
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "bárd"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "bardo"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "bardo"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "bardo"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*bardos",
"4": "",
"5": "bard"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *bardos (“bard”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷerH-",
"4": "",
"5": "to approve, praise"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷerH- (“to approve, praise”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Attested since Lucan, from Proto-Celtic *bardos (“bard”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷerH- (“to approve, praise”), whence grātus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bardī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "bardus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bardī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bardī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bardōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bardō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bardīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bardum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bardōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bardō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bardīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "barde",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bardī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bardus<2>"
},
"expansion": "bardus m (genitive bardī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bardus<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 78",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 54 7 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 40 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a bard (a poet and singer among the Gauls)"
],
"id": "en-bardus-la-noun-~zSi8~qB",
"links": [
[
"bard",
"bard#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈbar.dʊs]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈbar.dus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "bardus"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "gml",
"3": "pardues, perduuz, pardus, perdus"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Middle Low German pardues, perduuz, pardus, perdus",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "onomatopoeic",
"name": "onomatopoeic"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "bardaus, pardauz"
},
"expansion": "German bardaus, pardauz",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "pardoes, perdoes"
},
"expansion": "Dutch pardoes, perdoes",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "burdus"
},
"expansion": "Swedish burdus",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "bardus"
},
"expansion": "Danish bardus",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Middle Low German pardues, perduuz, pardus, perdus, ultimately likely onomatopoeic\nCognate with German bardaus, pardauz, Dutch pardoes, perdoes, Swedish burdus, and Danish bardus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bardust",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "barduse",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mer bardus",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "mest bardus",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"10": "mest bardus",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "neuter singular",
"4": "bardust",
"5": "definite singular and plural",
"6": "barduse",
"7": "comparative",
"8": "mer bardus",
"9": "superlative"
},
"expansion": "bardus (neuter singular bardust, definite singular and plural barduse, comparative mer bardus, superlative mest bardus)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"bar",
"dus"
]
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
17,
24
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
18,
23
]
],
"english": "he asked a lot of blunt questions",
"text": "han stilte mange barduse spørsmål",
"translation": "he asked a lot of blunt questions",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "the … young girl's harsh and blunt ideas",
"ref": "1893, Jonas Lie, Niobe, page 252:",
"text": "den … unge piges krasse og barduse forestillinger",
"translation": "the … young girl's harsh and blunt ideas",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "he was ... used to this sudden behavior in his son",
"ref": "1906, Hans E. Kinck, Livsaanderne, page 173:",
"text": "han var … vant til dette barduse væsen hos sin søn",
"translation": "he was ... used to this sudden behavior in his son",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "he apologized for the blunt inquiry",
"ref": "2005, Jan Kjærstad, Kongen av Europa:",
"text": "han ba om unnskyldning for den barduse henvendelsen",
"translation": "he apologized for the blunt inquiry",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"sudden, unexpected; headlong (rash, blunt, without deliberation)"
],
"id": "en-bardus-nb-adj-4GQUFsl-",
"links": [
[
"sudden",
"sudden"
],
[
"unexpected",
"unexpected"
],
[
"headlong",
"headlong"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "brå"
},
{
"word": "uventet"
},
{
"word": "plutselig"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/baˈɖʉːs/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbaʁˈdʉːs/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʉːs"
}
],
"word": "bardus"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "gml",
"3": "pardues, perduuz, pardus, perdus"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Middle Low German pardues, perduuz, pardus, perdus",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "onomatopoeic",
"name": "onomatopoeic"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "bardaus, pardauz"
},
"expansion": "German bardaus, pardauz",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "pardoes, perdoes"
},
"expansion": "Dutch pardoes, perdoes",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "burdus"
},
"expansion": "Swedish burdus",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "bardus"
},
"expansion": "Danish bardus",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Middle Low German pardues, perduuz, pardus, perdus, ultimately likely onomatopoeic\nCognate with German bardaus, pardauz, Dutch pardoes, perdoes, Swedish burdus, and Danish bardus.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "bardus",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"bar",
"dus"
]
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
14
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
3,
11
],
[
24,
31
]
],
"english": "to suddenly hit you; to dawn on (you)",
"text": "å komme bardus (på noen)",
"translation": "to suddenly hit you; to dawn on (you)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "it [was] pitch dark ... down on the docks, where you could abruptly fall headfirst into the lake if you were drunk or unfamiliar with the area.",
"ref": "1882, Alexander L. Kielland, Skipper Worse, page 95:",
"text": "der [var] begende mørkt … nede paa bryggerne, hvor man gik lige bardus paa hovedet i søen, naar man var fuld eller fremmed",
"translation": "it [was] pitch dark ... down on the docks, where you could abruptly fall headfirst into the lake if you were drunk or unfamiliar with the area.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "it [happened] once, that the rider suddenly came down again on the other side",
"ref": "1852, Nicolai Ramm Østgaard, En Fjeldbygd, page 180:",
"text": "det [hendte] en enkelt gang, at rytteren bardus kom ned igjen paa den anden side",
"translation": "it [happened] once, that the rider suddenly came down again on the other side",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "Ola Høiland, ... took Norway's bank by surprise ... Here we go hunting, out of the blue!",
"ref": "(Can we date this quote?), Henrik Wergeland, Samlede Skrifter I, page 349:",
"text": "Ola Høiland, … tog Norges bank ret listig … Herud paa jagt, bardus!",
"translation": "Ola Høiland, ... took Norway's bank by surprise ... Here we go hunting, out of the blue!",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "such a lively, abruptly charming and intellectually fearless woman",
"ref": "1993, Knut Faldbakken, Ormens år:",
"text": "en så levende, bardust sjarmerende og intellektuelt uforferdet kvinne",
"translation": "such a lively, abruptly charming and intellectually fearless woman",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "Remi plops down on the sofa next to Svanhild",
"ref": "2010, Aksel Selmer, Bedringens vei:",
"text": "Remi setter seg bardust ned i sofaen ved siden av Svanhild",
"translation": "Remi plops down on the sofa next to Svanhild",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "it hit me suddenly [when she said that her mother was in love with me]",
"ref": "2010, Tor Edvin Dahl, Hodet ved døra:",
"text": "det kom bardus på meg [da hun sa at moren hennes var forelsket i meg]",
"translation": "it hit me suddenly [when she said that her mother was in love with me]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "his rudeness took me by suprise so that I couldn't get a word out.",
"ref": "2011, Odd Klippenvåg, Ljublju:",
"text": "grovheten hans kom så bardus at jeg ikke fikk fram et ord",
"translation": "his rudeness took me by suprise so that I couldn't get a word out.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "we didn't want to come on too strong, so we approached slowly and cautiously",
"ref": "2015, Lars Saabye Christensen, Magnet, page 681:",
"text": "vi ville ikke komme bardus på og nærmet oss langsomt og forsiktig",
"translation": "we didn't want to come on too strong, so we approached slowly and cautiously",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"suddenly, unexpectedly; without warning (happening quickly and with little or no warning)"
],
"id": "en-bardus-nb-adv-w08zhLMy",
"links": [
[
"suddenly",
"suddenly"
],
[
"unexpectedly",
"unexpectedly"
],
[
"warning",
"warning"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "brått"
},
{
"word": "hodekulls"
},
{
"word": "plutselig"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/baˈɖʉːs/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbaʁˈdʉːs/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʉːs"
}
],
"word": "bardus"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin adjectives",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin first and second declension adjectives",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin masculine nouns",
"Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin second declension nouns",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin terms with unknown etymologies",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "combardus"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "bardo"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ett",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Etruscan",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown, thought to be a loanword, perhaps from Etruscan. Compare bārō (“dunce, lout”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "barda",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "bardum",
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "bardior",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "bardus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "barda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bardum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bardī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bardae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "barda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bardī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bardae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bardī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bardōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bardārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bardōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bardō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bardae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bardō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bardīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bardum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bardam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bardum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bardōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bardās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "barda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bardō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bardā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bardō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bardīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "barde",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "barda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bardum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bardī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bardae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "barda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bardus",
"comp": "bardior"
},
"expansion": "bardus (feminine barda, neuter bardum, comparative bardior); first/second-declension adjective",
"name": "la-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bardus"
},
"name": "la-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"stupid, oafish, dull of apprehension"
],
"links": [
[
"stupid",
"stupid#English"
],
[
"oafish",
"oafish#English"
],
[
"dull",
"dull#English"
],
[
"apprehension",
"apprehension#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) stupid, oafish, dull of apprehension"
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"declension-1",
"declension-2",
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈbar.dʊs]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈbar.dus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "bardus"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin masculine nouns",
"Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin second declension nouns",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "bardo"
},
{
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "bardi"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Barde"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "barde"
},
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "bardo"
},
{
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "bárd"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "bardo"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "bardo"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "bardo"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*bardos",
"4": "",
"5": "bard"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *bardos (“bard”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷerH-",
"4": "",
"5": "to approve, praise"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷerH- (“to approve, praise”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Attested since Lucan, from Proto-Celtic *bardos (“bard”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷerH- (“to approve, praise”), whence grātus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bardī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "bardus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bardī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bardī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bardōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bardō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bardīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bardum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bardōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bardō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bardīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "barde",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bardī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bardus<2>"
},
"expansion": "bardus m (genitive bardī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bardus<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a bard (a poet and singer among the Gauls)"
],
"links": [
[
"bard",
"bard#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈbar.dʊs]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈbar.dus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "bardus"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "gml",
"3": "pardues, perduuz, pardus, perdus"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Middle Low German pardues, perduuz, pardus, perdus",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "onomatopoeic",
"name": "onomatopoeic"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "bardaus, pardauz"
},
"expansion": "German bardaus, pardauz",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "pardoes, perdoes"
},
"expansion": "Dutch pardoes, perdoes",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "burdus"
},
"expansion": "Swedish burdus",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "bardus"
},
"expansion": "Danish bardus",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Middle Low German pardues, perduuz, pardus, perdus, ultimately likely onomatopoeic\nCognate with German bardaus, pardauz, Dutch pardoes, perdoes, Swedish burdus, and Danish bardus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bardust",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "barduse",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mer bardus",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "mest bardus",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"10": "mest bardus",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "neuter singular",
"4": "bardust",
"5": "definite singular and plural",
"6": "barduse",
"7": "comparative",
"8": "mer bardus",
"9": "superlative"
},
"expansion": "bardus (neuter singular bardust, definite singular and plural barduse, comparative mer bardus, superlative mest bardus)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"bar",
"dus"
]
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Norwegian Bokmål terms with quotations",
"Norwegian Bokmål terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
17,
24
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
18,
23
]
],
"english": "he asked a lot of blunt questions",
"text": "han stilte mange barduse spørsmål",
"translation": "he asked a lot of blunt questions",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "the … young girl's harsh and blunt ideas",
"ref": "1893, Jonas Lie, Niobe, page 252:",
"text": "den … unge piges krasse og barduse forestillinger",
"translation": "the … young girl's harsh and blunt ideas",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "he was ... used to this sudden behavior in his son",
"ref": "1906, Hans E. Kinck, Livsaanderne, page 173:",
"text": "han var … vant til dette barduse væsen hos sin søn",
"translation": "he was ... used to this sudden behavior in his son",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "he apologized for the blunt inquiry",
"ref": "2005, Jan Kjærstad, Kongen av Europa:",
"text": "han ba om unnskyldning for den barduse henvendelsen",
"translation": "he apologized for the blunt inquiry",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"sudden, unexpected; headlong (rash, blunt, without deliberation)"
],
"links": [
[
"sudden",
"sudden"
],
[
"unexpected",
"unexpected"
],
[
"headlong",
"headlong"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "brå"
},
{
"word": "uventet"
},
{
"word": "plutselig"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/baˈɖʉːs/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbaʁˈdʉːs/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʉːs"
}
],
"word": "bardus"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "gml",
"3": "pardues, perduuz, pardus, perdus"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Middle Low German pardues, perduuz, pardus, perdus",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "onomatopoeic",
"name": "onomatopoeic"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "bardaus, pardauz"
},
"expansion": "German bardaus, pardauz",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "pardoes, perdoes"
},
"expansion": "Dutch pardoes, perdoes",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "burdus"
},
"expansion": "Swedish burdus",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "bardus"
},
"expansion": "Danish bardus",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Middle Low German pardues, perduuz, pardus, perdus, ultimately likely onomatopoeic\nCognate with German bardaus, pardauz, Dutch pardoes, perdoes, Swedish burdus, and Danish bardus.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "bardus",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"bar",
"dus"
]
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Norwegian Bokmål terms with quotations",
"Norwegian Bokmål terms with usage examples",
"Requests for date"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
14
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
3,
11
],
[
24,
31
]
],
"english": "to suddenly hit you; to dawn on (you)",
"text": "å komme bardus (på noen)",
"translation": "to suddenly hit you; to dawn on (you)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "it [was] pitch dark ... down on the docks, where you could abruptly fall headfirst into the lake if you were drunk or unfamiliar with the area.",
"ref": "1882, Alexander L. Kielland, Skipper Worse, page 95:",
"text": "der [var] begende mørkt … nede paa bryggerne, hvor man gik lige bardus paa hovedet i søen, naar man var fuld eller fremmed",
"translation": "it [was] pitch dark ... down on the docks, where you could abruptly fall headfirst into the lake if you were drunk or unfamiliar with the area.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "it [happened] once, that the rider suddenly came down again on the other side",
"ref": "1852, Nicolai Ramm Østgaard, En Fjeldbygd, page 180:",
"text": "det [hendte] en enkelt gang, at rytteren bardus kom ned igjen paa den anden side",
"translation": "it [happened] once, that the rider suddenly came down again on the other side",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "Ola Høiland, ... took Norway's bank by surprise ... Here we go hunting, out of the blue!",
"ref": "(Can we date this quote?), Henrik Wergeland, Samlede Skrifter I, page 349:",
"text": "Ola Høiland, … tog Norges bank ret listig … Herud paa jagt, bardus!",
"translation": "Ola Høiland, ... took Norway's bank by surprise ... Here we go hunting, out of the blue!",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "such a lively, abruptly charming and intellectually fearless woman",
"ref": "1993, Knut Faldbakken, Ormens år:",
"text": "en så levende, bardust sjarmerende og intellektuelt uforferdet kvinne",
"translation": "such a lively, abruptly charming and intellectually fearless woman",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "Remi plops down on the sofa next to Svanhild",
"ref": "2010, Aksel Selmer, Bedringens vei:",
"text": "Remi setter seg bardust ned i sofaen ved siden av Svanhild",
"translation": "Remi plops down on the sofa next to Svanhild",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "it hit me suddenly [when she said that her mother was in love with me]",
"ref": "2010, Tor Edvin Dahl, Hodet ved døra:",
"text": "det kom bardus på meg [da hun sa at moren hennes var forelsket i meg]",
"translation": "it hit me suddenly [when she said that her mother was in love with me]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "his rudeness took me by suprise so that I couldn't get a word out.",
"ref": "2011, Odd Klippenvåg, Ljublju:",
"text": "grovheten hans kom så bardus at jeg ikke fikk fram et ord",
"translation": "his rudeness took me by suprise so that I couldn't get a word out.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "we didn't want to come on too strong, so we approached slowly and cautiously",
"ref": "2015, Lars Saabye Christensen, Magnet, page 681:",
"text": "vi ville ikke komme bardus på og nærmet oss langsomt og forsiktig",
"translation": "we didn't want to come on too strong, so we approached slowly and cautiously",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"suddenly, unexpectedly; without warning (happening quickly and with little or no warning)"
],
"links": [
[
"suddenly",
"suddenly"
],
[
"unexpectedly",
"unexpectedly"
],
[
"warning",
"warning"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "brått"
},
{
"word": "hodekulls"
},
{
"word": "plutselig"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/baˈɖʉːs/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbaʁˈdʉːs/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʉːs"
}
],
"word": "bardus"
}
Download raw JSONL data for bardus meaning in All languages combined (16.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-03-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-03-03 using wiktextract (05c257f and 9d9a410). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.